PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian													Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian													Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian													Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian													Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †								2.58
				Zanclean														3.6
				Zanclean													Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian													Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian													Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian													Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
				Rupelian														27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian													Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian													Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian													Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian													Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian													Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian													Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian													Bridgerian	47.8
																	Wasatchian	50.5
																	Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian													Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian													Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian													Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian													Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian													Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb		266.9
			Roadian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10						Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian						Paibian			494
			Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran			Waucoban †	Duyunian				509
			Stage 4		Dyeran				Duyunian				511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran				Nangaoian				514
					Montezuman								514.8 *
					Begadean								519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian						Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian						Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635