PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America						North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene								2.58
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene							Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene							Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene								15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene								23.03
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene								27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian			Late Eocene							Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene							Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian										Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene							Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian			Late Paleocene							Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene							Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian			Early Paleocene							Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian			298.9
						Xiaodushanian	300 *
							300.1
		Kasimovian	Missourian				303.7
			Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian	Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan				315.2
			Morrowan				318.4 *
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian			Chesterian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian				330.9
			Jiusian				335 *
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian		Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian				485.4
													487.5