PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian Subages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean	0.129
											Irvingtonian	0.21
									Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian								0.774
											Blancan	1.4
									Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
				Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
									Opoitian			3.7
									Opoitian		Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian								7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian								11.63
											Barstovian	12.5
									Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian								15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
									Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian	33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
											Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian								37.71
									Bortonian			39.1
											Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian								41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
											Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian								47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Mangaorapan		Wasatchian	50.5
									Waipawan		Wasatchian	52
									Waipawan		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian							Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
			Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
			Coniacian				86.3
			Turonian				89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
					Alexandrian				438.7 *
						Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian					485.4
			Stage 10	Payntonian					486.8 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian					489.5
			Paibian	Idamean					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan					497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian					499
			Drumian	Undillan					500.5
			Drumian	Floran					503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian					504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian					507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian					509
			Stage 4						510.8 *
Stage 3			514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean										4000
												4600