PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Late Pliocene		2.58
		Zanclean													Early Pliocene		3.6
		Zanclean													Early Pliocene	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian														Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian													Middle Miocene	Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian														Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene		15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian													Early Oligocene		27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian													Late Eocene	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian														Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian														Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian														Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian													Early Eocene	Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian													Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian													Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian													Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Xiaodushanian	300 *
					300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian				Gamachian	445.2
					Chientangkiangian				Richmondian	446 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Richmondian	449.5
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian			Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Yiyangian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian								477.7
							Lianghekou †						477.9 *
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10											Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian											Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian											Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian											Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8