PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Devonian of France	Silurian of North America			Cretaceous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean									Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian		9.4
		Serravallian									Clarendonian		11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian		12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
											Hemingfordian		16.3
											Arikareean		18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
											Whitneyan		29.5
											Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian									Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian		47.8
											Wasatchian		50.5
											Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian									Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian			66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic			100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Filipovian	276.5 *
				Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Couvinien	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien	Pragian	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
													485.4