PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran									Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene														Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian														Rancholabrean	0.129
																		Irvingtonian	0.21
									Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian															0.774
																		Blancan	1.4
									Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian						Tertiary †				2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian										3
				Zanclean					Waipipian										3.6
									Opoitian										3.7
									Opoitian									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian															7.246
																		Clarendonian	9.4
								Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian															11.63
																		Barstovian	12.5
									Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian										13.82
									Clifdenian										15.1
								Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian															15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
									Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian										23.03
									Duntroonian										25.2
									Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian														Chadronian	33.9
								Arnold	Runangan										34.6
									Kaiatan										36.7
																		Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian															37.71
									Bortonian										39.1
																		Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian															41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
									Heretaungan										45.7
																		Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian															47.8
									Mangaorapan										48.9
									Mangaorapan									Wasatchian	50.5
									Waipawan									Wasatchian	52
									Waipawan									Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian									Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian														Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian														Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian														Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian														Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian														Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
			Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
			Coniacian					86.3
			Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
			Aptian		Korangan			113
			Aptian					117.5
			Barremian					121.4
			Hauterivian					125.77
			Valanginian					132.6
			Berriasian					139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian					Wordian		264.28
			Roadian					Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian					Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian							Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian										407.6
			Lochkovian										410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou						Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian							Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †						Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian								470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian	Ungurian								477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian	Ungurian							Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian	489.5
													Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
			Paibian	Sakian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian											499.5
			Drumian	Zhanaarykian										500.5
			Drumian	Tuesaian										503
			Wuliuan	Tuesaian					Stage 5 †					504.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
				Toyonian										510 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian										514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian										515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
			Stage 2											525.5
			Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635