PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Siberia			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian										Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Bajocian											Humphresianum		168.4
				Aalenian										Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
					180.1									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum	182
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni	184.2
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi	192.9
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
				Norian		208.5
				Carnian		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian		264.28
				Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Kasimovian		303.7
				Moscovian		307
				Bashkirian		315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
				Visean		330.9
				Tournaisian		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
				Pragian		407.6
				Lochkovian		410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
			Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
				Aeronian		438.5
				Rhuddanian		440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
				Katian			Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
				Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
				Dapingian						467.3
				Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
				Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
										Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Stage 10										487.5
				Jiangshanian										489.5
Aksaian											490.7 *
Sakian											492.2 *
				Paibian							494
				Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
Miaolingian			Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian	499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian	500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan	504.5
Series 2			Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan	509
				Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
				Botomian							512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian							514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3		515.6 *
Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
	Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
	Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635