PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †								2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian				489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian								494
			Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian					509
				Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
				Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian								514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635