PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian							Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean		Hemphillian							Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian		Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian		Clarendonian							Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian		Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene	15.98
				Hemingfordian								16.3
				Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene	27.82
				Whitneyan								29.5
				Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian							Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean							Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean							Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian							Early Eocene	47.8
				Wasatchian								50.5
				Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian							Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian							Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian							Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian							Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian							Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian		Puercan							Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
					Stairsian					480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian	Batyrbaian				485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
						Toyonian				510 *
						Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian				514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
												525.5