International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126144 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cambrian of West Avalonia | North American Land Mammal Ages | Ten Million Year Bins | Carboniferous of Western Europe | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Cambrian of Australia | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | 2.58 | |||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | |||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | |||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | ||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | |||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | Vokhmian | 247.2 | |||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | |||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | ||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | |||||||||
Kuzel | 297.7 | ||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | |||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | ||||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | ||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | ||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | |||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | ||||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | ||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | ||||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | |||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | ||||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | ||||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | ||||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | ||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | ||||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | ||||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | ||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | |||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | |||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | |||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Ivorian | 346.7 | ||||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | ||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | |||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | |||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | ||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | ||||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | |||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | ||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | |||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | ||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | |||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | |||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | Datsonian | 485.4 | ||||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | ||||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | 489.5 | |||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | 494 | |||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Mindyallan | 497 | |||||||
Arcadian | 498.4 | ||||||||||
Boomerangian | 499 | ||||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | 500.5 | |||||||||
Floran | 503 | ||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Templetonian | 504.5 | ||||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | ||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Branchian | 509 | ||||||||
510.8 * | |||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | |||||||||
Placentian | 517.1 | ||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||
538.8 |