PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene														Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian														Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian														Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian														Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †													2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean														Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian														Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian														Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian														Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian														Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian														Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian														Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian														Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian														Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian														Bridgerian	47.8
																		Wasatchian	50.5
																		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian														Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian														Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian														Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian														Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian														Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu					445.2
						Vormsi					449.6 *
						Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
						Viru				Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland				Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort			Datsonian	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
													Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian										Iverian	489.5
			Paibian										Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Mindyallan	497
Arcadian														Mindyallan	498.4
														Boomerangian	499
			Drumian	Undillan										500.5
			Drumian	Floran										503
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †										Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †										Ordian	507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Branchian											Ordian	509
		Stage 4													510.8 *
		Stage 3													514
		Stage 3	Placentian												517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2													521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635