PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian													Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene													2.58
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene													3.6
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian													Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian													Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene													15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene													23.03
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene													27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian	Late Eocene												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian													Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian													Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian													Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene												Bridgerian	47.8
																	Wasatchian	50.5
																	Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian	Late Paleocene												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian	Early Paleocene												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian	Early Paleocene												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian			305.9
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
							Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
							Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
							Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
									Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
							Aurelucian						456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *			Aseri
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian										467.3
Arenig						Fennian							468.4 *
								Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †			470.1 *
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Whitlandian		Hunneberg					473.7 *
				Moridunian		474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
				Cressagian		480.8 *
						Varangu		481.3 *
						Pakerort		482.2 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian			509
		Stage 3								Branchian			514
		Stage 3								Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635