PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126165 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				Tertiary †						2.58
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene									Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Kekeamuan								27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian	Late Eocene		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian										Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene			Bumbanian						Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Gashatan							Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Gashatan							Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian	Early Paleocene									Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian	Early Paleocene									Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian									66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic									100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian		Neocomian									125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian					Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
					Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †							504.5
Series 2		Stage 4							Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2								521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635