PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene					Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						2.58
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene						3.6
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian						Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene					Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene						15.98
										Hemingfordian	16.3
										Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						23.03
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene						27.82
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene					Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian	Late Eocene					Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene					Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene					Bridgerian	47.8
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene					Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian	Late Paleocene					Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene					Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene					Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian	Early Paleocene					Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian	Early Paleocene					Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian	Paibian			494
			Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian	Guzhangian			499.5
			Drumian	Drumian		Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian	Drumian		Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian			509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3	Nangaoian		Botomian	514
			Stage 3	Nangaoian		Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian		Tommotian	521
			Stage 2				525.5
			Fortunian				529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
											635