International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cretaceous Subepochs | Cenozoic Subepochs | Permian of China | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Senonian | 66 | |||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Gallic | 100.5 | ||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
| Hauterivian | Neocomian | 125.77 | |||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Meishanian | 251.902 | |||
| Baoqingian | 253.4 * | ||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Laoshanian | 254.14 | |||||
| Laibinian | 257.7 * | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Lengwuan | 259.51 | ||||
| Wordian | Kuhfengian | 264.28 | |||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Luodianian | 273.01 | ||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
| Longlinian | 285.4 * | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | Zisongian | 293.52 | |||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||
| 300.1 | |||||||