PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of North America			Cretaceous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian							Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian							Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian							Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean							Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian							Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian							Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian							Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
											Hemingfordian		16.3
											Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
											Whitneyan		29.5
											Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian							Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian							Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian							Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian							Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian							Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian							Bridgerian		47.8
											Wasatchian		50.5
											Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian							Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian			66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic			100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Filipovian	276.5 *
						Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
						Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400