PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian		Late Pliocene		2.58
				Piacenzian			Ruscinian		Late Pliocene		3.1 *
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene		3.6
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene	Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian		Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian			Turolian				7.246
							Vallesian				8.7
							Vallesian			Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian			Astaracian		Middle Miocene	Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian		Early Miocene		15.98
										Hemingfordian	16.3
										Arikareean	18.5
							Agenian				20
				Aquitanian			Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene		23.03
				Rupelian					Early Oligocene		27.82
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian					Late Eocene	Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene	Bridgerian	47.8
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian					Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian					Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian					Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian			Paibian		494
			Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian			Meishucunian		529
			Fortunian			Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
											1400