PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of China	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian					0.0042
				Greenlandian					0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene			2.58
				Zanclean		Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian					7.246
				Tortonian				Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene		Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian					13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene			15.98
								Hemingfordian	16.3
								Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene			23.03
				Rupelian		Early Oligocene			27.82
								Whitneyan	29.5
								Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian		Late Eocene		Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene		Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene		Bridgerian	47.8
								Wasatchian	50.5
								Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian		Early Paleocene		Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian		Early Paleocene		Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
									1400