PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Britain		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian											0.774
												Blancan	1.4
				Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
				Opoitian								Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
												Clarendonian	9.4
			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian											11.63
												Barstovian	12.5
				Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
												Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											37.71
				Bortonian									39.1
												Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
												Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Mangaorapan								Wasatchian	50.5
				Waipawan								Wasatchian	52
				Waipawan								Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian										Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian	Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan			113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Induan					251.2
		Induan					Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
									252.4 *
							Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru	Dzhulfian	254.14
							Kalabagh		255 *
							Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
							Amb		266.1 *
								Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian							266.9
		Roadian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian						Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian						Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian						Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Eastonian					Cautleyan	449 *
			Pusgillian						449.3 *
			Caradoc		Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan					451.5 *
				Gisbornian	Cheneyan					452 *
					Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
			Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian								470
			Chewtonian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
			Bendigonian								471.8 *
			Lancefieldian								473.5 *
					Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
					Cressagian						480.8 *
			Warendian		Cressagian						482.8 *
			Warendian								485 *
													485.4