PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan											Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian											Rancholabrean	0.129
															Irvingtonian	0.21
						Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian												0.774
															Blancan	1.4
						Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						Tertiary †				2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
				Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
						Opoitian										3.7
						Opoitian									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian												7.246
															Clarendonian	9.4
					Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian												11.63
															Barstovian	12.5
						Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian												15.98
															Hemingfordian	16.3
															Arikareean	18.5
						Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
															Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												37.71
						Bortonian										39.1
															Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
															Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Mangaorapan									Wasatchian	50.5
						Waipawan									Wasatchian	52
						Waipawan									Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian											Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian											Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian											Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian											Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian											Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
			Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
			Coniacian					86.3
			Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
			Aptian		Korangan			113
			Aptian					117.5
			Barremian					121.4
			Hauterivian					125.77
			Valanginian					132.6
			Berriasian					139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian					Wordian		264.28
			Roadian					Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian					Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian							Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian										407.6
			Lochkovian										410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5	Batyrbaian
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian		Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian		499.5
			Drumian	Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian	Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan	Tuesaian	Stage 5 †		504.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
				Toyonian			510 *
				Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian			514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			521
			Stage 2				525.5
			Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635