PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian					0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean	0.129
											Irvingtonian	0.21
						Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian								0.774
											Blancan	1.4
						Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Yushean					2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
				Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
						Opoitian						3.7
											Hemphillian	4.7
							Baodean					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian								7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
					Southland	Waiauan						11.04
							Tunggurian					11.1
				Serravallian								11.63
											Barstovian	12.5
						Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian	Shanwangian					13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian								15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
							Xiejiaan				Hemingfordian	16.9
											Arikareean	18.5
						Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
											Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian								37.71
						Bortonian						39.1
											Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
											Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian								47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Mangaorapan					Wasatchian	50.5
						Waipawan					Wasatchian	52
						Waipawan					Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian					Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian	59.2
Torrejonian	60.9			Selandian
Torrejonian	Danian			61.6
Puercan	Danian			63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
			Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
			Coniacian					86.3
			Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
			Aptian		Korangan			113
			Aptian					117.5
			Barremian					121.4
			Hauterivian					125.77
			Valanginian					132.6
			Berriasian					139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †			455.2 *
					Longvillian †		Aurelucian	456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian	467.3		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
			Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian	470
					Whitlandian	471.1 *
					Moridunian	474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
						485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
												4600