PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian													Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian													Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian													Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian													Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
				Zanclean														3.6
				Zanclean													Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian													Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian													Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian													Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
				Rupelian														27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian													Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian													Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian													Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian													Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian													Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian													Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian													Bridgerian	47.8
																	Wasatchian	50.5
																	Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian													Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian													Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian													Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian													Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian													Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan												150
						Heterian												154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Kralodvorian			Vormsi	449.6 *
							Berounian			Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
							Dobrotivian							458.5 *
							Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Oretanian			Lasnamagi				459.7 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
							Arenigian								468
										Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
Hunneberg										473.7 *
Hunneberg			Tremadocian				Tremadocian			477.7
Varangu										481.3 *
Pakerort										482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Guzhangian								Arcadian				498.4
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian	509
			Stage 3	Branchian	514
			Stage 3	Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †				Poundian †	538.8
			Ediacaran								Vendian †				Wonokan †	571.7 *
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
			Ectasian													1200
			Calymmian													1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
			Orosirian													1800
			Rhyacian													2050
			Siderian													2300
	Archean	Neoarchean				2500
		Mesoarchean				2800
		Paleoarchean				3200
		Eoarchean				3600
	Hadean					4000
																		4600