PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of France
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian						0.0042
				Greenlandian						0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			2.58
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene	Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian						7.246
				Tortonian				Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene	Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian						13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene			15.98
								Hemingfordian		16.3
								Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			23.03
				Rupelian			Early Oligocene			27.82
								Whitneyan		29.5
								Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene	Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian			Late Eocene	Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene	Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene	Bridgerian		47.8
								Wasatchian		50.5
								Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian			Late Paleocene	Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian			Early Paleocene	Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian			Early Paleocene	Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan				150
						Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
			Paibian				Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian	499
			Drumian				Undillan	500.5
			Drumian				Floran	503
			Wuliuan				Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan				Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	509
			Stage 4					510.8 *
			Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
										4600