PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian	MN 17					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16					2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15					3.6
			MN 14					4.2
			MN 14				Hemphillian	4.7
			MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13					5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12					7.246
			MN 11					7.75
			MN 10					8.7
			MN 10				Clarendonian	9.4
			MN 9					9.7
			MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian						11.63
							Barstovian	12.5
			MN 6					12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4					15.98
			MN 4				Hemingfordian	16.3
			MN 3				Hemingfordian	16.9
			MN 3				Arikareean	18.5
			MN 2					20
		Aquitanian	MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
							Whitneyan	29.5
							Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian		MP 16			Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian		MP 16			Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Bridgerian	47.8
							Wasatchian	50.5
							Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian		MP 6			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian					Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
		Paibian		Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
		Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	509
								510.8 *