PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene														Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian														Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian														Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian														Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †						2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean														Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian														Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian														Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25													23.03
				Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21														27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A													Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A													Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian	MP 16													Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian	MP 16													Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11													Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11													Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7													Bridgerian	47.8
																		Wasatchian	50.5
																		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian	MP 6													Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian														Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian														Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian														Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian														Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian					470
						Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
											485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian								Paibian		494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian								Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian										509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian										521
Fortunian			529	Meishucunian
Fortunian			Jinnigian	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635