International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 125896 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||
| 66 | |||||