PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Precambrian Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian									Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian									Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian									Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †					2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian									7.246
				Tortonian	Pannonian								Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Sarmatian								Clarendonian	11.63
					Sarmatian								Barstovian	12.5
					Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian									Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian									Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian									Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian									Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian									Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian									Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian	Midian			264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian		427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian			509
			Stage 3			Branchian			514
			Stage 3			Placentian			517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635