PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous of China	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian							Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian							Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian							Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean			Tertiary †				2.58
				Zanclean								3.6
											Hemphillian	4.7
					Baodean							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
					Tunggurian							11.1
				Serravallian								11.63
				Serravallian							Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian	Shanwangian							13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
					Xiejiaan						Hemingfordian	16.9
											Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
				Rupelian								27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian							Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian							Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian							Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian							Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian							Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian							Bridgerian	47.8
											Wasatchian	50.5
											Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian							Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
												1400