PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran				Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian					Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
									Irvingtonian	0.21
					Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene		0.774
									Blancan	1.4
					Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean		Mangapanian			Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian			Late Pliocene		3
		Zanclean			Waipipian			Early Pliocene		3.6
					Opoitian					3.7
									Hemphillian	4.7
			Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
									Clarendonian	9.4
				Southland	Waiauan					11.04
			Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene		11.63
									Barstovian	12.5
					Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian	Shanwangian		Lillburnian					13.82
					Clifdenian					15.1
				Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene		15.98
									Hemingfordian	16.3
			Xiejiaan						Hemingfordian	16.9
									Arikareean	18.5
					Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			Late Oligocene		23.03
					Duntroonian					25.2
					Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene		27.82
									Whitneyan	29.5
									Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan					34.6
					Kaiatan					36.7
									Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene		37.71
					Bortonian					39.1
									Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
					Heretaungan					45.7
									Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene		47.8
					Mangaorapan					48.9
					Mangaorapan				Wasatchian	50.5
					Waipawan				Wasatchian	52
					Waipawan				Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian			Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian						Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	60.9	Middle Paleocene
		Danian				Torrejonian	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Puercan	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian			Paibian		494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian		530.7
										538.8