PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of North America		Silurian of England		Cambrian of Britain		Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2	Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian												Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Roadian	Murgabian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2	273.01
					Bolorian		Cathedralian		279.8
							Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
					Yakhtashian				286
					Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		Nealian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian						Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean						Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian	Wych					Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian							Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	St Davids		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Caerfai		Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1	529
															538.8