PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America					North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene						Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene						Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene							2.58
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene							3.6
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene						Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene						Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene							15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene							23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene							27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene						Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian						Late Eocene						Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene						Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene						Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene						Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian						Late Paleocene						Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene						Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene						Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian						Early Paleocene						Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian						Early Paleocene						Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		298.9
							Xiaodushanian		300 *
									300.1
		Kasimovian			Missourian				303.7
					Missourian		Dalaun		305.8 *
					Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian			Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan				315.2
					Morrowan				318.4 *
							Huashibanian		318.5 *
							Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian		Chesterian		323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian				330.9
					Jiusian				335 *
							Meramecian		335.8 *
							Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan		Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian					Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian					Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †								497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
															509