PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan								Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian				0.0117
				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian								Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian								Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian								Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian								Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean				2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
												Hemphillian	4.7
									Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
												Clarendonian	9.4
									Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								11.63
				Serravallian								Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian					Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
									Xiejiaan			Hemingfordian	16.9
												Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
				Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian						MP 16		Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian						MP 16		Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian						MP 6		Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian								Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian								Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian								Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian								Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
			Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
			Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
			Wuchiapingian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian			Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian	Permian 3	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Filipovian	276.5 *
						Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
						Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
													1400