PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian Subages	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean											Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian											Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian											Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian											Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan		150
												Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian		Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan	217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Autunian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			433.4
		Telychian				Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
														485.4