PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Devonian Subages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian										Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian										Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean										Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian										Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian										Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian										Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian										Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian										Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian										Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
Billingen			Dapingian				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
Hunneberg									473.7 *
Hunneberg			Tremadocian						477.7
Varangu									481.3 *
Pakerort									482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
			Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian	720
			Tonian	Karatau									800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	Karatau									1000
			Stenian	Yurmatian									1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian									1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan									1375
															1400