PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6						Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5						Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4							23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3						Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2						Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1						Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian												Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		Ordovician 3	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Ordovician 3	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian						Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian						Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	Ordovician 1	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †				Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian	Paibian									494
		Paibian	Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian				Wangcunian †				Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Drumian				Wangcunian †				Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian				Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian				Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian				Cambrian 2						521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian				Cambrian 1						529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian				Cambrian 1						530.7
															538.8