PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126342 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran				Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean	0.129
									Irvingtonian	0.21
					Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian								0.774
									Blancan	1.4
					Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan	MN 17				1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian	MN 17				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	MN 16				2.58
					Waipipian	MN 16				3
						MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean								3.6
					Opoitian					3.7
						MN 14				4.2
						MN 14			Hemphillian	4.7
						MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian				MN 12				7.246
						MN 11				7.75
						MN 10				8.7
						MN 10			Clarendonian	9.4
						MN 9				9.7
				Southland	Waiauan	MN 9				11.04
						MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian								11.63
									Barstovian	12.5
						MN 6				12.8 *
					Lillburnian	MN 6				13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian	MN 5				13.82
					Clifdenian					15.1
				Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				MN 4				15.98
						MN 4			Hemingfordian	16.3
						MN 3			Hemingfordian	16.9
									Arikareean	18.5
					Otaian					18.7
						MN 2				20
		Aquitanian								20.44
				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
						MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
					Duntroonian					25.2
					Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
									Whitneyan	29.5
									Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan					34.6
					Kaiatan					36.7
									Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian								37.71
					Bortonian					39.1
									Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
					Heretaungan					45.7
									Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	47.8
			Mangaorapan		48.9
			Mangaorapan		Wasatchian		50.5
			Waipawan		Wasatchian		52
			Waipawan		Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Teurian		Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian			Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan			113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	254.14
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb	266.9
		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian		489.5
		Paibian	Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian		499
		Drumian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
										538.8