PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Devonian Subages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian				0.0042
				Greenlandian				0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				2.58
				Zanclean				3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian				5.333
				Tortonian				7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian				13.82
				Burdigalian				15.98
							Hemingfordian	16.3
							Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
				Rupelian				27.82
							Whitneyan	29.5
							Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian	47.8
							Wasatchian	50.5
							Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian			Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
				Campanian				72.1
				Santonian				83.6
				Coniacian				86.3
				Turonian				89.8
				Cenomanian				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
				Aptian				113
				Barremian				121.4
				Hauterivian				125.77
				Valanginian				132.6
				Berriasian				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
				Kimmeridgian				149.2
				Oxfordian				154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
				Bathonian				165.3
				Bajocian				168.2
				Aalenian				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
				Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
								1400