PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Devonian of Germany	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran			Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean	0.129
											Irvingtonian	0.21
				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
											Blancan	1.4
				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
		Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Opoitian								3.7
				Opoitian							Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5					11.63
											Barstovian	12.5
				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
				Clifdenian								15.1
			Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian			Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
				Duntroonian								25.2
				Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Chadronian	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan								34.6
				Kaiatan								36.7
											Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						MP 16				37.71
				Bortonian								39.1
											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
				Heretaungan								45.7
											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
				Mangaorapan								48.9
				Mangaorapan							Wasatchian	50.5
				Waipawan							Wasatchian	52
				Waipawan							Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian						MP 6			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian									Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian		Haumurian	Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan	Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
				Mangaotanean					90.5
				Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
				Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Urutawan					103.3
			Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	Cretaceous 3				113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Buntsandstein				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller					259.51
		Wordian			Leine					264.28
		Roadian							Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian							Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian							Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian							Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian							Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean							Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian							Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian							Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian				Gisbornian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
		Dapingian				Yapeenian	Ordovician 2	467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
				Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian		Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian		Ordovician 1	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
												538.8