PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 125896 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian			0.0042
		Greenlandian			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			2.58
		Zanclean			3.6
		Zanclean		Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			5.333
		Tortonian			7.246
		Tortonian		Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian		Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian		Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian			13.82
		Burdigalian			15.98
				Hemingfordian	16.3
				Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			23.03
		Rupelian			27.82
				Whitneyan	29.5
				Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian	47.8
				Wasatchian	50.5
				Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian			72.1
		Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			100.5
		Aptian			113
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
					538.8