PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian	Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian		Ruscinian	Late Pliocene						3.1 *
		Zanclean		Ruscinian	Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Turolian	Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian		Turolian							7.246
		Tortonian		Vallesian							8.7
		Serravallian		Astaracian	Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian		Astaracian	Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian		Orleanian	Early Miocene						15.98
		Burdigalian		Agenian							20
		Aquitanian		Agenian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes								259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian								283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian						489.5
				Aksaian						490.7 *
				Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan						509
				Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian						514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian						521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
											538.8