PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian		Melekhovian					251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		Lengwuan							259.51
		Wordian	Wordian		Kuhfengian							264.28
		Wordian	Wordian				Noginskian					264.9 *
		Roadian	Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian							273.01
				Cathedralian			Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
				Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian				283.5
					Longlinian	285.4 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
								300.1
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Dalaun	Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Huashibanian	Cheremshanian	318.5 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Lousuan	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Lousuan	Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
						Shangsian	Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean					Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Jiusian	Aleksinian	335 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Tremadocian						477.7
		Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian	494
		Paibian	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan					509
				Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
				Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian					514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
												538.8