PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan	MN 17						1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian	MN 17						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian	MN 16						2.58
						Waipipian	MN 16						3
							MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean											3.6
						Opoitian							3.7
							MN 14						4.2
							MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian					MN 12						7.246
							MN 11						7.75
							MN 10						8.7
							MN 9						9.7
					Southland	Waiauan	MN 9						11.04
							MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian					MN 7 + 8						11.63
							MN 6						12.8 *
						Lillburnian	MN 6						13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian	MN 5						13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian					MN 4						15.98
							MN 3						16.9
						Otaian	MN 3						18.7
							MN 2						20
		Aquitanian											20.44
					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
							MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan							47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian							56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian				Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	93.9			Arowhanan
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †		467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian	468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian	470
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian		Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian			Albertian †			Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †						509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
			Dyeran						Toyonian			511 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Montezuman						Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Begadean						Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
													538.8