PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene	Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian				489.5
				Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian						494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan				509
				Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
				Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian				514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian				521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
									538.8