PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17						Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17						Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16						Mangapanian		2.58
			MN 16						Waipipian		3
			MN 15								3.2
		Zanclean									3.6
									Opoitian		3.7
			MN 14								4.2
			MN 13								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12								7.246
			MN 11								7.75
			MN 10								8.7
			MN 9								9.7
			MN 9					Southland	Waiauan		11.04
			MN 7 + 8								11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8								11.63
			MN 6								12.8 *
			MN 6						Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian	MN 5						Lillburnian		13.82
									Clifdenian		15.1
								Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4								15.98
			MN 3								16.9
			MN 3						Otaian		18.7
			MN 2								20
		Aquitanian									20.44
								Landon	Waitakian		21.7
			MN 1								22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
									Duntroonian		25.2
									Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
								Arnold	Runangan		34.6
									Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian		41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
									Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan		47.8
									Mangaorapan		48.9
									Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian		56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian							Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
									Mangaotanean		90.5
									Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		93.9					Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dobrotivian						458.5 *
			Oretanian						459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †	467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian			470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian		Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian						489.5
				Aksaian						490.7 *
				Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan						509
				Toyonian		Lenian †				510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian						514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian						521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †				529
											538.8