PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean								2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian								11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian						MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
					Lianghekou †		477.9 *
					Lianghekou †		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			489.5
						Aksaian	Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian	Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
						Toyonian	Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
						Botomian	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	Tommotian			521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
											538.8