PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126161 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4												208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1												247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan											Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4										Kathwai		251.902
															252.4 *
													Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian											Chhidru		254.14
													Kalabagh		255 *
													Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
															265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							Ayusokkanian			497
										Ayusokkanian			Arcadian	498.4
										Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan			Branchian	509
										Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
										Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2							Botomian				514
										Atdabanian				515.6 *
										Atdabanian			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
															538.8