PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126158 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Tarantian			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Ionian			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan										Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								Melekhovian	Kathwai		251.902
														252.4 *
												Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian										Chhidru		254.14
												Kalabagh		255 *
												Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
											Noginskian			264.9 *
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian	468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Branchian			509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Branchian			514
		Stage 3							Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
														538.8