PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125959 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian		3
		Zanclean					Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan		11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian		13.82
							Clifdenian		15.1
						Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian		23.03
							Duntroonian		25.2
							Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
						Arnold	Runangan		34.6
							Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian		41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
							Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan		47.8
							Mangaorapan		48.9
							Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian		56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian			Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan				Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
						Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian					Korangan		113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian				Leine		264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	Leine		264.9 *
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian			323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Venevian		330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian		Paibian			494
		Paibian		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian		Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian		Branchian	509
		Stage 3		Nangaoian		Branchian	514
		Stage 3		Nangaoian		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian			530.7
									538.8