PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126181 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian													Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Gashatan		56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras													168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
			Planulata													179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
			Kanense													181.3 *
			Carlottense													182.3 *
			Kunae													183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae													184.2
			Freboldi													185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian				Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian				Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian		346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Chotec	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Chotec	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian			509
		Stage 3								Branchian			514
		Stage 3								Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8