PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125932 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
			Planulata					179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
			Kanense					181.3 *
			Carlottense					182.3 *
			Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae					184.2
			Freboldi					185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian	509
		Stage 3				Branchian	514
		Stage 3				Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
								538.8